Terrorist Behavior Essay Example for Free

Terrorist Behavior Essay After reading the article on â€Å"A Look at Terrorist Behavior† I found out some very interesting details on how they plan, prepare and also where they would strike. After reading the article I learned about approximately how close to a target a terrorist would likely live. A recent study shows that most terrorist lives closer to their target of choice. By being so close to their target they would learn and gather information quickly in aiding them to accomplish their mission. They would also end up studying a target for months or even years. According to analysis on terrorist residence to target of all groups around 44% of them live within 30 miles of their required target. There are four types of terrorist groups international, right wing, environmental and left wing groups. However since there are different types of terrorist groups they are different. For example international terrorist mostly lived closer to their targets, when right wing terrorist live in rural areas and would selecting targets in nearby cities. Terrorist mostly use a lot of surveillance and intelligence to help them aide in founding for their group. Most terrorist would stay close to their homes because of new immigration status and sometimes the lack of transportation. Terrorist living in urban areas are most likely would avoid attention. They are known as â€Å"lone wolves† they would target locally much uncoordinated violence such as anti-abortion extremists. Among a single-issue terrorist 77% of preparatory acts usually occurred within 12 miles and 92% occurred within 28 miles of their target. There are about a half of environmental terrorist’s acts only three fifths of them live roughly about 30 miles of their target. 5% of environmental terrorist and 59% international terrorist prepared for their target within 30 miles. Terrorist also conduct robberies, burglaries and thefts further away about an average of 429 miles from their homes. Running Head: Terrorist Behavior. As for law enforcement the implications of finding out about the proximity and preparation and time of a terrorist attack are very significant. With the help of early intelligence this can help law enforcement a lot of time to stop terrorist before an attack. Such Intel will also help local officials to respond rapidly. Law enforcement official must understand that most terrorist act locally and it’s important to know how to conduct a proper investigation method to seek and help prevent terrorism and also arrest perpetrators. Having a local pattern can be more efficiently in patrolling of high-risk target areas and gather enough Intel on suspected terrorist actions. Law enforcement officials will continue to understand and learn the relationship and the locations of terrorists preparation activities and their target of choice will help boost the knowledge and should help officers prevent and respond quickly to a terrorist attacks. Another way for local police to successfully meet the challenges posed by terrorism would be a time-tested approach that emphasizes prevention must converge with new ones that focus on prediction. Local police must also add critical elements of speed, resources, and numbers to any situation when necessary. They must be able to deploy rapidly and can quickly get more forces if needed. Homeland security must be ready at all times for any terrorist acts and threats. Overall I think if our homeland security along with local police train more and learn how terrorist operates I think our country would be safe somehow from a terrorists attack.

Honor in Thorstein The Staff-Struck :: Thorstein Staff-Struck

Honor in Thorstein The Staff-Struck    Honor is something that is earned, but it must also be defended in order to be upheld in the eyes of all.   In â€Å"Thorstein The Staff-Struck† one’s respect is based on their honor alone. Honor is the essence of a life worth living. In this story, a life without honor means that the life is worthless. Death is better than having no honor. Men will easily give their lives without second thought to earn, and protect it. Honor’s role in â€Å"Thorstein the Staff-Struck† takes on several roles, but all of them are to achieve one common goal. The various roles take on the common goal of achieving honor itself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thorstein’s nick-name â€Å"the Staff-Struck† is a strain on his honor because his masculinity is being questioned after his first bout with Thord. Thorstein’s first reaction to the blow to his head by Thord’s staff   is not thought of as being honorable. He didn’t respond in a way that would defend his honor. He needed to stand up for himself to accomplish that trying task.. His response to Thord’s   blow was thought of as a cowards response. That meant his honor had been shamed by his own action, or lack of the correct actions. After that, Thorstein’s integrity was belittled in the eyes of others. One’s honor lies not only in the eyes of one’s self, but also in the words, and eyes of all present, and around. Thorstein had to avenge his honor in the eyes of the spectators for himself. Thorstein’s father prompted his vengeance though. Thorstein could not simply sit back, and be humiliated by his own father. That was just too much for him to deal with, nor did he want to try. He knew he must honor his father by bringing, and restoring honor to himself. His response, although late, was honorable. Timing is a crucial part of vengeance in this story though. Bijarni, the ruler of Hof, had a different role in society, but his honor   was still of great importance. Bijarni’s honor was questioned by his servants, his wife, and others because they felt his reverence had been stained by Thorstein. His lack of action against Thorstein made him weak in the eyes of others. He had been challenged, but he had not yet accepted the challenge. When honor is seen as challenged there must be action taken or soundness will be questioned. Thorhall and Thorvald questioned Bijarni’s honor in gossip, and in rumor. Bijarni then instructed the two to leave, and return with Thorstein’s head, as he can not stand by while his servants

Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals Essay

1. Visit the websites of companies like Wal-Mart, Dell and Home Depot, and see if you can find discussions of their supply chain management activities. List information you can find on purchasing/supplier issues, logistics, information systems, quality and customer service. Purchasing/supplier issues: Wal-Mart always emphasized the need to reduce its purchasing costs and offer the best price to its customers. The company procured goods directly from manufacturers, bypassing all intermediaries. Wal-Mart was a tough negotiator on prices and finalized a purchase deal only when it was fully confident that the products being bought were not available elsewhere at a lower price. Wal-Mart spent a significant amount of time meeting vendors and understanding their cost structure. By making the process transparent, the retailer could be certain that the manufacturers were doing their best to cut down costs. Once satisfied, Wal-Mart believed in establishing a long-term relationship with the vendor. In its attempt to drive hard bargains, Wal-Mart did not even spare big manufacturers like Procter & Gamble. However, the company, generally, preferred local and regional vendors and suppliers. Logistics: An important feature of Wal-Mart’s logistics infrastructure was its fast and responsive transportation system. Wal-Mart maintained a strict vigil over its drivers by keeping a record of their activities through the â€Å"Private Fleet Driver Handbook†. The purpose of the book was to educate the drivers with regard to the code of conduct. Non-compliance to the hand book would result in the termination of the driver. To make its distribution process more efficient, Wal-Mart also made use of a logistics technique known as ‘cross docking’. In this system, the finished goods were directly supplied to the customers. The system reduced the handling and storage of finished goods, virtually eliminating the role of the distribution centers and stores. Information Systems: Wal-Mart invested heavily in IT and communications systems to effectively track sales and merchandise inventories in stores across the country. With the rapid expansion of Wal-Mart stores in the US, it was essential to have a good communication system. Wal-Mart set up its own satellite communication system in 1983. They were able to reduce unproductive inventory by allowing stores to manage their own stocks, reducing pack sizes across many product categories, and timely price markdowns. Instead of cutting inventory across the board, Wal-Mart made full use of its IT capabilities to make more inventories available in the case of items that customers wanted most, while reducing the overall inventory levels. The order management and store replenishment of goods were entirely executed with the help of computers through the Point-of –Sales (POS) system. Through this system it was possible to monitor and track the sales and merchandise stock levels on the store shelves. Quality and Customer Service: When Sam Walton started Wal-Mart in 1962, he felt that each Wal-Mart needed to reflect the vision of the community and the values of each customer. This way of doing business became the Wal-Mart organizational culture. Organizational culture is what a company values and this value reflects on how companies conduct their business. According to Time magazine’s website, Sam Walton believed that if you work toward excellence and show passion with your work, you will gain a loyal customer base. Wal-Mart trains employees on how to problem solve and develops each employee to focus on pleasing the customer. The slogan of â€Å"satisfaction guaranteed† is something that Wal-Mart says it takes seriously. Wal-Mart says it trains employees to ask customers if they need assistance or tutorials on how a particular product functions. Another function of Wal-Mart customer strategies is having greeters at the door of every store. Wal-Mart management feel that if customers are greeted by a friendly face, this enhances their shopping experience. Wal-Mart says it spends time and money on its employees to ensure that the philosophy of Sam Walton is instilled into each new employee. According to the Wal-Mart website, Wal-Mart trains its employees on excellent customer skills. Wal-Mart believes that if customers gets what they want at a good price, this will keep them coming back to the store. 2. Search on the term supply chain management. How many hits did you get? Describe five of the websites found in your search. How many hits?- only 247,000,000 5 of the websites–What is Supply Chain Management? Describing what supply chain management is. — The hot new M.B.A.: Supply-Chain Management. Goes into how universities have recently introduced undergraduate majors for supply chain management. — Council of Supply Chain management Professionals: Homepage. They provide education, research, connections for supply chain management. — Module 1: What is Supply Chain Management? It’s a YouTube video introducing viewers to the field of SCM. — Supply Chain Management Certificate. Describes what SCM is and offers advanced professional supply chain management certificate. 3. Go to www.agrichain–centre.com (or a similar website found when searching on New Zealand supply chain management), and discuss the current state of supply chain (or value chain) management in New Zealand. – I went to the site I didn’t see anything on the current state of supply mgmt.. 4. Search for the term bullwhip effect and write a paper on the impacts of the bullwhip effect and the companies profiled in the papers you find. IMPACTS OF THE BULLWHIP EFFECT From the case study, in the early 1990s, P&G faced a problem of extreme demands variation for its Pamper diapers. Although the purchase rate somehow remain steady at the customer end, it has been found that the variation of order rates amplify up the supply chain, from the retailer level to the distributor level. This phenomenon is called bullwhip effect, and the distorted information from one end of a supply chain to the other can lead to tremendous inefficiencies, such as excessive inventory investment, poor customer service, lost revenues, misguided capacity plans, inactive transportation, and missed production schedules. What happens when a supply chain is plagued with a bullwhip effect that distorts its demand information as it is transmitted up the chain? In the past, without being able to see the sales of its products at the distribution channel stage, HP had to rely on the sales orders from the resellers to make product forecasts, plan capacity, control inventory, and schedule production. Big variations in demand were a major problem for HP’s management. The common symptoms of such variations could be excessive inventory, poor product forecasts, insufficient or excessive capacities, poor customer service due to unavailable products or long backlogs, uncertain production planning (i.e., excessive revisions), and high costs for corrections, such as for expedited shipments and overtime. HP’s product division was a victim of order swings that were exaggerated by the resellers relative to their sales; it, in turn, created additional exaggerations of order swings to suppliers. P&G still need to be careful when use the information sharing, because it is only an initial step to reduce the bullwhip effect within a supply chain, if use it from other stages continuously will lead to other problems. For instance, the POS data for a cosmetics store of P&G is not useful for suppliers of Pamper diapers. Moreover, if P&G cannot ensure its short order lead time, information sharing could be redundant because its supply chain is not capable of capitalizing on that information. Coordination in the supply chain is the next primary technique. Besides the Vendor-Managed Inventory (VMI) which P&G has already applied, the Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment (CPFR) could also be used to moderate the bullwhip effect, as well as to reduce cost. Finally, the generous return policies that manufacturers offer retailers aggravate gaming. Without a penalty, retailers will continue to exaggerate their needs and cancel orders. Not surprisingly, some computer manufacturers are beginning to enforce more stringent cancellation policies. The bullwhip effect results from rational decision making by members in the supply chain. Companies can effectively counteract the effect by thoroughly understanding its underlying causes. Industry leaders like Procter & Gamble are implementing innovative strategies that pose new challenges: integrating new information systems, defining new organizational relationships, and implementing new incentive and measurement systems. The choice for companies is clear: either let the bullwhip effect paralyze you or find a way to conquer it. 5. Search on the term supply chain Management software applications, and write a paper about how companies use these to improve their financial performance. Software Application Improve Supply Chain Management Financial Performance Supply chain management software is possibly the most fractured group of software applications on the planet. Some vendors have assembled many different chunks of software together under a single roof, but no one has a complete package that is right for every company. For example, most companies need to track demand, supply, manufacturing status, logistics (i.e. where things are in the supply chain), and distribution. They also need to share data with supply chain partners at an ever increasing rate. While products from large ERP (enterprise resource planning) vendors like SAP’s Advanced Planner and Optimizer (APO) can perform many or all of these tasks, because each industry’s supply chain has a unique set of challenges, many companies decide to go with targeted best of breed products instead, even if some integration is an inevitable consequence. It’s worth mentioning that the old adage about systems only being as good as the information that they contain applies doubly to SCM. If the information entered into a demand forecasting application is not accurate, then you will get an inaccurate forecast. Similarly, if employees bypass the supply chain systems and try to manage things manually (using the fax machine or spreadsheets), then even the most expensive systems will provide an incomplete picture of what is happening in a company’s supply chain. Effective supply chain management boosts profitability by systematically reducing the overall costs associated with goods and services. Using SCM Software could increase the return on your investment by using the same principles that are used in big software companies abilities; increase quality, speed production, and reduce costs, and extending them to your supply network. You collaborate with your suppliers in real time, improving the relationships and the overall management of your supply chain. SCM software manages the entire process, from requisitioning to purchase order creation, receiving, invoice payment, and the tracking of supplier performance. It supports high-volume repetitive deliveries with supplier schedules specifying date and hour of delivery. Long term plans can be shared with suppliers allowing them to order raw materials, plan production, and arrange deliveries based on accurate, reliable data. SCM software helps to avoid the costly fines and penalties associated with defaults on regulatory compliance by maintaining the global knowledge necessary to fulfill cross-border transactions within governmental and customs regulations. Supply chain management (SCM) is the process of planning, implementing, and controlling the operations of the supply chain as efficiently as possible. Supply chain management goes into improving the way a company finds the raw components it needs to make a product or service and deliver it to customers. Using supply chain management software and tools can bring greater speed and accuracy to the way a company do business thereby saving you time and money. 6. Search on green supply chains, and write a paper regarding the global regulatory status of environmental legislation and how it is impacting supply chain management. Impact of Environmental Legislation on Supply Chain Management One of many challenges in environmental management is compliance with new environmental regulations. For instance, the EU recently requested all electrical and electronic products being exported to the region to follow the restrictions of hazardous substances (RoHS) directives in order to reduce certain substances used in products. Another regulation, waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), aims at promoting reuse, recycling, and other forms of recovery in order to reduce the waste. Those regulations presented unprecedented challenges to international supply chains. Failing to comply with the regulations could result in loss of sales and reputation. For instance, in 2001, over one million SONY Play Stations were rejected by Dutch customs for containing environmentally hazardous substances. From the perspective of supply chain management, environmental regulations impose immediate pressure on manufacturing firms from different countries along a supply chain to work together to ensure the elimination of any hazardous substances. As component suppliers revamp their products, contract manufacturers retool their manufacturing lines, and OEMs redesign many of their products. There is an unprecedented level of change in international supply chains because of this new wave of environmental movements. In the case of regulation compliance, many small manufacturers from developing countries lack the necessary experience and resources to respond to new environmental requirements imposed by downstream partners from developed countries. As developed countries move toward higher value-adding products and services, developing countries would assume a larger share of manufacturing functions in the global supply chain, thereby shouldering greater environ- mental burden. Whether supplier resistance will stymie progress toward green supply chain management is critical to compliance with environmental regulations. Currently, the practices of, and barriers to various supply chain parties to cope with environmental regulations are not fully understood. It is possible that the trend of globalization and the enforcement of regulations have increased the impact of â€Å"industry† on green manufacturing practices. More studies should be conducted to re-examine the effects of the cultural and industry factors. Effort is made to ensure the quality of this case study. For example, the study selected theoretically useful cases, used multiple investigators and respondents, conducted reliability and validity tests, collected multiple sources of evidence, and systematically searched for cross-case patterns. There are still some potential shortcomings regarding the generalization of the findings. For instance, the findings confirm the value of green partnerships but not the specific involvement of individual supply chain parties. African Journal of Business Management Vol. 5(26), pp. 10601-10614, 28 October, 2011 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJBM DOI: 10.5897/AJBM11.518 ISSN 1993-8233  ©2011 Academic Journals Lee, Hau L., V. Padmanabhan, and Seungjin Whang. â€Å"The Bullwhip Effect In Supply Chains1.† Sloan management review 38.3 (1997): 93-102. i[ii] J. D. Sterman, â€Å"Modeling managerial behavior: misperceptions of feedback in a dynamic decision making experiment,† Management Science, vol. 35, pp. 321–339, 1989. ii[iii] Lee, H.L., V. Padmanabhan, and S. Whang. â€Å"Comments on ‘Information Distortion in a Supply Chain: The Bullwhip Effect,’† Management Science, 50(12), 1887-1893, 2004. iii[iv] Wilck, Joseph H. â€Å"Managing the Bullwhip Effect.† Unpublished Ph. D. Dual Degree, Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, College of Engineering (available at< http://www. engr. psu. edu/symposium2006/papers/Session% 203D% 20-% 20Modeling% 20and% 20Engineering% 20Applications/Wilck. pdf>, accessed July 2009) (2006). iv[v] Gilbert, K. â€Å"An ARIMA Supply Chain Model,† Management Science, 51(2), 305-310, 2005. v[vi] Chopra, S. and P. Meindl. Supply Chain Management. Second Edition, Prentice Hall, 478-504, 2004. vi[vii] [4] Dejonckheere, J., S.M. Disney, M.R. Lambrecht, and D.R. Towill. â€Å"Measuring and Avoiding the Bullwhip Effect: A Control Theoretic Approach,† European Journal of Operational Research, 147, 567-590, 2003. vii[viii] Chen, Frank, et al. â€Å"Quantifying the bullwhip effect in a simple supply chain: The impact of forecasting, lead times, and information.† Management science 46.3 (2000): 436-443. 1. This initiative was engineered by Kurt Salmon Associates but propelled by executives from a group of innovative companies like Procter & Gamble and Campbell Soup Company. See: Kurt Salmon Associates, â€Å"ECR: Enhancing Consumer Value in the Grocery Industry (Washington, D.C.: report, January 1993); and F.A. Crawford, â€Å"ECR: A Mandate for Food Manufacturers?† Food Processing, volume 55, February 1994, pp. 34–42. 2. J.A. Cooke, â€Å"The $30 Billion Promise,† Traffic Management, volume 32, December 1993, pp. 57–59. 3. J. Sterman, â€Å"Modeling Managerial Behavior: Misperception of Feedback in a Dynamic Decision-Making Experiment,† Management Science, volume 35, number 3, 1989, pp. 321–339. 4. Sterman (1989); and P. Senge, The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization (New York: Doubleday/Currency, 1990). 5. For a theoretical treatment of this subject, see: H.L. Lee, P. Padmanabhan, and S. Whang, â€Å"Information Distortion in a Supply Chain: The Bullwhip Effect,† Management Science, 1997, forthcoming. 6. M. Millstein, â€Å"P&G to Restructure Logistics and Pricing,† Supermarket News, 27 June 1994, pp. 1, 49. 7. V. Carroll, H.L. Lee, and A.G. Rao, â€Å"Implications of Salesforce Productivity, Heterogeneity and Demotivation: A Navy Recruiter Case Study,† Management Science, volume 32, number 11, 1986, pp. 1371–1388. 8. Salmon (1993). 9. P. Sellers, â€Å"The Dumbest Marketing Ploy,† Fortune, volume 126, 5 October 1992, pp. 88–93. 10. P. Kotler, Marketing Management: Analysis, Planning, Implementation, and Control (Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1997). 11. R.D. Buzzell, J.A. Quelch, and W.J. Salmon, â€Å"The Costly Bargain of Trade Promotion,† Harvard Business Review, volume 68, March–April 1990, pp. 141–148. 12. Sellers (1992). 13. Ibid. 14. Lee et al. (1997). 15. L. Lode, â€Å"The Role of Inventory in Delivery Time Competition,† Management Science, volume 38, number 2, 1992, pp. 182–197. 16. Personal communication with Hewlett-Packard. 17. K. Kelly, â€Å"Burned by Busy Signals: Why Motorola Ramped up Production Way Past Demand,† Business Week, 6 March 1995, p. 36. 18. Rory J. O’Connor, â€Å"Rumor Bolsters IBM Shares,† San Jose Mercury News, 8 October 1994, p. 9D. 19. M. Reid, â€Å"Change at the Check-Out,† The Economist, volume 334, 4 March 1995, pp. 3–18. 20. A. Clark and H. Scarf, â€Å"Optimal Policies for a Multi-Echelon Inventory Problem,† Management Science, volume 6, number 4, 1960, pp. 465–490. 21. E.K. Clemons and M. Row, â€Å"McKesson Drug Company — A Strategic Information System,† Journal of Management Information Systems, volume 5, Summer 1988, pp. 36–50. 22. Millstein (1994). 23. T. Smart, â€Å"Jack Welch’s Cyber-Czar,† Business Week, 5 August 1996, pp. 82–83. 24. G. Stern, â€Å"Retailers of P&G to Get New Plan on Bills, Shipment,† Wall Street Journal, 22 June 1994. 25. Reid (1995). 26. H.L. Richardson, â€Å"How Much Should You Outsource?,† Transportation and Distribution, volume 35, September 1994, pp. 61–62. 27. Z. Schiller, â€Å"Ed Artzt’s Elbow Grease Has P&G Shining,† Business Week, 10 October 1994, pp. 84–86. 28. R. Mathews, â€Å"CRP Moves Towards Reality,† Progressive Grocer, volume 73, July 1994, pp. 43–44.

Introduction. Project Management Involves Starting, Planning,

Introduction Project management involves starting, planning, acting, control and the closure of a team’s work so as to achieve specific set objectives. A project is defined as a temporary endeavour which is formulated to give birth to a unique product, service or a result which had fore-shadowed beginning and end. It is usually taken to meet specific goals and objectives which bring out added advantage (Dunne and Dunne, 2011). Financial factors During project the running of a project there are many factors that are considered during its management. Financial factors are some of the ones to be considered. Finance is the most important point for information which may be requested for by the lenders, creditors and the stockholders so as to†¦show more content†¦The budget essentially helps in determining what is to be the total expenditure, how the monies will be allocated to different parts of the project, and also help determine where the funds will come from (Lock and Scott, 2013). This early and systematic financial planning helps in making sure there is no misappropriation of funds. It also ensures that whatever was planned for is what is incurred and ensure no extra funding will arise in the middle of the project which would be a big problem. The factors are also important as they help to determine if the project will yield the expected returns in both the short-term and long-term. Commercial factors These are factors that lead to making of profit. During the inception of the project the organization always has one of its objectives or goals as increase in returns. In the most cases when an organization incepts a new project, its ultimate goal is to increase on the returns after the project is successfully initiated (Melton and Iles-Smith, 2009). The factors here include social, legal, economic and also political. Legal factor is the one which requires the organization to work under certain jurisdictions. 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Understanding Religion Through Kurt Vonneguts Cats...

Understanding Religion Through Kurt Vonneguts Cats Cradle The following is issued as a warning from the author Kurt Vonnegut to the reader: Any one unable to understand how a useful religion can be founded on lies will not understand this book either(14). The latter quote is typical of Vonnegut in his usage of creating a personal narrative. Kurt Vonnegut Jr. was born in Indianapolis, like many of his characters, in 1922. His life from that point on closely resembles the lives of the people in his satirical novel Cats Cradle. Vonneguts mother committed suicide when he was twenty two years old and in many of his novels the character of the mother is dead.†¦show more content†¦There are actually three different writers at work in the story. First and foremost is the author Kurt Vonnegut. The narrator he creates in his novel is called John, or Jonah as he tells the reader to refer to him (Vonnegut 1), and he frequently recites passages from The Books of Bokonon written by a fictional religious guru Bokonon (Reed 125). All three hold true to a passage from another of Vonneguts books lies told for the sake of artistic effect...can be.. the most beguiling forms of truth(Vonnegut Editors Note) Though Jonah is most closely linked to representing Vonnegut, Bokonon is the most interesting character created on the Island of San Lorenzo where most of the book takes place. By having this central yet elusive character invent a religion openly based on lies, Vonnegut demonstrates societys blind dependency on religion: I wanted all things To seem to make some sense, So we all could be happy, yes, Instead of tense. 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Transportation Has A Part Of Human History - 2368 Words

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Legal Studies †the Family Law Amendment (Shared Responsibility) Act 2006 Free Essays

The Family Law Amendment (Shared Responsibility) Act 2006 commenced on the first of July 2006 assists in the way that separating parents resolve their disputes involving the best interests of their children. This law is still taking time to make an effect on divorcing and separating parents, as sources show that shared custody arrangements or 50:50 joint custody makes little effect on the children involved in these situations. This was achieved through a major study conducted by Bruce Smyth and Bryan Rodgers who showed that children in shared care are no worse off or no better than those who see the other parent every second weekend for example [Source E]. We will write a custom essay sample on Legal Studies – the Family Law Amendment (Shared Responsibility) Act 2006 or any similar topic only for you Order Now The aim of the legislation was to change the past 1995 reforms as they failed to achieve the desired impact of separating couples [source A]. The act was created also to encourage parents to share the parenting of their children by allowing them to have equal time with both mother and father and also for the major decisions and responsibilities of the children to be distributed evenly. The law was changed because of the various groups who protested against the past regulations the law provided. The changes included the terminology, facilitation of shared parenting time and the concept that the separated parents both retain parental responsibility [Source A]. The new family law process outlined in the Every Picture Tells a Story report also creates an emphasis on parents coming to agreements in a ‘parenting plan’. There was also a proposal to create a ‘Family Tribunal’, which was where the separating parents could work their issues with consultation and counseling without the invasive use of the courts. The government also put forward $400 million to be spent on 65 family relationship centres for counseling couples [Source B]. Groups who have been against the Family Law Amendment are law academics, judges, women’s legal services, and single mother groups, [source D] because of the issue of abuse from their spouses after the separation. The act sets out that parents are to share the responsibility of the children between them, with the exclusion of abusive spouses. This therefore results in parents having to consult each other about their children’s education, religious and cultural upbringing, health, change of name, and also place of residence [Source A]. Also included in the act is that counseling would be offered to parents in assisting them to reach an agreement between both parties, and child support doesn’t have to be given until six weeks after the parents have separated. The Act only previously allowing grandparents contact through applications however rights have been elevated and the relationship between the children and grandparents are taken directly into consideration when making the arrangements in the parenting plan. The presumption of equal shared responsibility in the amendment means that both parents have an equal role in making decisions about the major choices involving the children; for example what school they will attend. The presumption however does not apply to a parent who has engaged in any abuse, violence or neglect towards the child, and was not included in the previous Act. With this the Act strives to provide the parents with equal shared responsibility which means the child spends a reasonably even amount of time with each parent (if it is in the best interest of the child). The main issue of the legislation is the increase in funding necessary for the Act to go ahead, as the proposals put forward for the committee, family centres, and other programs require a great deal of money to be established. Tax payers are forced to contribute more so that these can be provided, however in saying this establishing the inquisitorial tribunal creates a more level playing field for separating partners, particularly if one party cannot afford private legal representation [Source A]. In excluding legal representation, which is what happens in this process, creates a lesser need for lawyers to be involved in family matters, therefore those representing families will no longer be needed. According to the National Association of Community Legal Centres they suggest that the new family law and processes â€Å"may be harmful to children† [Source B]. Compulsory mediation may force separated parents to communicate and associate with their former abusive partners, who may blackmail or force that parent to agree to an arrangement that benefits the abuser. This leads to a lifetime of fear and anticipation of more abusive from the former partner. According to the legislation, if a report or suspicion of abuse has arisen, the mediation will not go forward nor will it agree to unsafe parenting arrangements. While some children benefit from the equal shared parenting arrangements, it doesn’t mean that some are better or worse off than others. Joint physical custody has been found to be workable only in a minority of separations where parents have freely chosen the arrangement. The cases in which the shared parenting has generally worked is when there is no record of abuse or conflict and when there is commitment from both parents. [Source C]. Throughout this whole process the mediation is voluntary, and can stop at any time as the couples wish. The parties have access to legal advice, either during the mediation or before signing any mediated agreement [Source B]. There are many financial problems with this Act, as separated parents have to pay for the children independently and cannot find stability with their finances in order to pay for schooling, health and so forth. There is also the major issue that is domestic violence. The Act reinforced a fine for making false allegations about abuse and therefore some parents were pressured into making parental agreements that involved the abuser. This also made some victims too scared to tell courts about abuse or violence directed at their children [Source F]. This law is affective, however could be revised in order to benefit the parents. The financial problems that are caused by this law are unavoidable for some families, as one parent or both may struggle to afford to make ends meet. The court could evaluate each parent’s financial status and the ability of them to be economically safe in order to enable them to be able to raise the children effectively. However in saying this, the court should not take children off one parent if they are not capable to pay for the child, especially if the other parent is reportedly an abuser. Abusive parents should be constantly monitored whilst mediating with the other parent (if the victim wants mediation) and the child should have a say in which parent they think is able to look after them. Abusive spouses should not be allowed any contact with the victim while proceedings are happening, so that they do not coerce the other parent into an unfair parenting agreement. The abused parent should also be supervised during this period so that it is seen that they are not influenced or blackmailed by the abuser. The Act should focus more on the child’s need than the parents. While both parents have equal shared responsibility, the child should be involved in the parenting agreements and have a fair say in what happens to them. It is argued that the Act focuses more on the parent’s rights than the children’s needs, and that the reforms favor fathers more than mothers [Source F]. In conclusion, it is believed that the Act is not effective however has improved the rights of equal responsibility between parents. It is said that shared care is proving successful for many parents, [Source E] however parents are the only beneficiaries from this because the arrangement aids them more than the child, as the Act is more in the parents favor than the children’s. The Act should be revaluated so that it is beneficial to all parties. 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